Budgeting in an open system

structural reforms in the country budgeting system.

iran  budgeting  structure  and concepts  have  changed  since  200 i .these changes  embrace  the  items  such  as  ,   concepts  of revenues  ,   expenses  , capital   assets   as  well   as   financial   assets   ,    which   resulted    in  more information  transparency .   as a results  the government  budget  is  drawn up  as  such  of an  economic   firm's  budget.  structural  ref...

System dynamic modeling: an alternative method for budgeting.

OBJECTIVES To construct, validate, and simulate a system dynamic financial model and compare it against the conventional method. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data retrieved from the National Health Security Office (NHSO) in the fiscal year 2004. The sample consisted of all emergency patients who received emergency services outside their registered hospital-cat...

An Artificial Neural Network Based Decision Support System for Budgeting

As large-scale Cyber attacks become more sophisticated, local network defenders should employ strength-in-numbers to achieve mission success. Group collaboration reduces individual efforts to analyze and assess network traffic. Network defenders must evolve from an isolated defense in sector policy and move toward a collaborative strength-in-numbers defense policy that rethinks traditional netw...

Understanding the ERP System Use in Budgeting

This paper investigates the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system use in budgeting in order to explain how and why ERP system are used or not used in budgeting practices. Budgeting is considered as a social phenomenon which requires flexibility for decision-making and integration for management controls. The analysis at the activity levels, guided by the concept of ‘conflict’ in structurati...

Rational Capital Budgeting in an Irrational World